Abstract This essay examines the contributions of the book La dirigencia política argentina. De la organización nacional al Centenario by Beatriz Bragoni, Eduardo Míguez and Gustavo Paz, which considers the Argentine political leaderships in a prosopographical methodological approach, taking into account the majority of the provinces and constitutes a novel contribution in this field of study. argentina Bragoni Paz approach study

Resumen El presente ensayo examina las contribuciones del libro La dirigencia política argentina. De la organización nacional al Centenario de Beatriz Bragoni, Eduardo Míguez y Gustavo Paz, que considera en un enfoque metodológico prosopográfico las dirigencias políticas argentinas tomando en cuenta la mayoría de las provincias y constituye un aporte novedoso en este campo de estudio. argentina Bragoni Paz estudio

A comparison of the two variants of populism that we propose shows that only classical Peronism developed upon a process of constitution of social actors, particularly the working class and the trade unions. While classical Peronism was politically inclusive, and accompanied that inclusion with a subjective experience of social ascent, the plebeian populism of the Kirchners governments reproduces the ways of life of the communities that constitute its social and electoral base. The discursive and identity dimensions of this latter variant of populism are notably weak, while those connected to the patrimonial exercise of power, the predatory administration of government, and the manipulation of fiscal resources are remarkably strong. Plebeian populism is disconnected from the labor market in its relation to the working and lower classes. As a result, this variety of populism is centered on the management of the poor, and consists in a pragmatic and successful adaptation to the new social conditions presented by structural poverty.

La comparación de las dos variantes de populismo que proponemos muestra que sólo el peronismo clásico se montó sobre un proceso de constitución de actores sociales, en especial en lo que se refiere a las clases trabajadoras y al sindicalismo. Mientras el peronismo clásico integraba políticamente y acompañaba esta integración con una experiencia subjetiva de ascenso social, el peronismo plebeyo de los Kirchner reproduce las formas de vida de las comunidades que constituyen gran parte de su base socioelectoral. En esta segunda variante del populismo, las dimensiones discursivas e identitarias son notoriamente débiles, y sumamente fuertes, en cambio, las dimensiones vinculadas al ejercicio patrimonialista y predatorio del gobierno, al disfrute cleptocrático del poder y a la manipulación de los recursos fiscales. La dinámica del populismo plebeyo está esencialmente desvinculada del mercado de trabajo capitalista en lo que se refiere a sus lazos con los sectores populares. En este sentido, se trata de un populismo centrado en la administración de los pobres. Consiste en una adaptación pragmática y provechosa a las nuevas condiciones sociales dadas por la pobreza estructural.

The debate about the operation of Brazilian political institutions is far from conclusive. It could hardly be different, since current Brazilian democratic regime is only 30 years-old. This article updates a previous one, published in 2000, in which I discuss different and rival interpretations on the functioning of the Brazilian democracy. Some new works argue that a 'dialectic synthesis' of those strands has been recently produced. This article demonstrates this argument is not accurate. Instead, my main argument is that, in spite of rich analyses, new evidences and some displacements, the interpretations and paradigms guiding that debate remain the same. On the other hand, in spite of the solid position of the interpretation sustaining how the Brazilian political system ensures governability, the current institutional debate goes far beyond this paradigm by setting new themes and approaches. To demonstrate this argument, the article presents the evolution of such debate.

Analysis of the functioning of Brazilian political institutions is permeated by an immense and complex interpretative debate, with broad implications for contemporary political science. There are numerous studies on the theme, but they are practically polar in their interpretation of policy drafting and implementation in current Brazilian democracy. This article aims to analyze the terms of this debate, developing a conceptual framework to help understand the policy-making processes, especially decision-making in matters pertaining to economic policy and structural reforms in the state and economic organization.

L’analyse du fonctionnement des institutions politiques brésiliennes va de pair avec une longue et complexe confrontation d’interprétations, aux retombées importantes dans la science politique contemporaine. Les nombreuses études à ce sujet polarisent pour la plupart leur façon d’interpréter les processus de conception et de mise en place des politiques dans la démocratie brésilienne actuelle. Dans cet article on essaie d’analyser les termes de cette discussion et d’élaborer un modèle conceptuel aidant à comprendre la démarche d’un gouvernement, surtout dans la prise de décisions pour les questions de politique économique et de réforme structurelle de l’État et pour l’organisation économique.

As dinâmicas políticas das reformas orientadas para o mercado, no Brasil e na Argentina, são caracterizadas por um dilema, evidenciado em ambos os países pelas emendas de reeleição, entre manter a estabilidade das regras institucionais (e colocar em risco a coalizão reformista) e manter a estabilidade da coalizão reformista (e fragilizar as regras institucionais).

The political dynamics of market oriented reforms in Brazil and Argentina are characterized by a dilemma which is put into evidence by the reelection amends in both countries, between maintaining the stability of constitutional rules (and risking the reformist coalition) and maintaining the stability of the reformist coalition (with risks to the institutional rules).

Approaching from the perspective of a political science analysis, the article focuses on the interactions between an economic stabilization plan <FONT FACE="Symbol">3/4</font> Argentina's 1991 Convertibility Plan <FONT FACE="Symbol">3/4</font> and the pro-market program of reforms that was implemented from the beginning of the Carlos Menem Administration. It highlights the political and institutional factors that made it possible to architect and expansive stabilizing policy, the relevance of the political effects of implementing this program, and the crucial interrelationship between the government's coalitional policy, the reform program, and macroeconomic policy.

Ce travail aborde, du point de vue de la politologie, les intéractions établies entre un plan de stabilisation, le Plan de Convertibilité Argentin de 1991, et le programme des réformes axées vers le marché, mis en place dès les débuts du gouvernement du président Carlos Menem. On cherche surtout à souligner la présence de facteurs politiques et institutionnels qui ont permis la mise en forme d'une politique de stabilisation explansible, l'importance des effets politiques de sa mise en place, ainsi que les rapports cruciaux entre la politique de coalition du gouvernement, le programme des réformes et la politique macroéconomique.